Transformasi Pembayaran Digital UMKM melalui QRIS: Analisis Persepsi Pelaku Usaha di Sumatera Utara
Kata Kunci:
QRIS, UMKM, Pembayaran, digital, pelaku usaha, persepsiAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis persepsi pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) terhadap implementasi Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) dalam mendorong transformasi pembayaran digital di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain evaluatif eksploratif untuk memahami pengalaman, interpretasi, serta dampak yang dirasakan pelaku usaha setelah mengadopsi QRIS. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap pelaku UMKM yang telah menggunakan QRIS minimal enam bulan, serta didukung oleh dokumentasi kebijakan dan materi sosialisasi terkait. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan thematic analysis untuk mengidentifikasi pola makna dan tema utama yang muncul dari pengalaman informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adopsi QRIS dipersepsikan memberikan kemudahan transaksi, meningkatkan efisiensi pencatatan keuangan, serta memperluas akses konsumen non-tunai. Namun demikian, tingkat pemanfaatan masih dipengaruhi oleh faktor literasi digital, kualitas jaringan internet, serta intensitas edukasi yang diterima pelaku usaha. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa transformasi pembayaran digital UMKM tidak hanya bergantung pada ketersediaan infrastruktur teknologi, tetapi juga pada dukungan kelembagaan dan kesiapan pengguna dalam mengintegrasikan sistem pembayaran digital ke dalam praktik usaha sehari-hari.
Referensi
Bongomin, G. O. C., Ntayi, J. M., Munene, J. C., & Malinga, C. A. (2017). The relationship between access to finance and growth of SMEs in developing economies: Financial literacy as a moderator. Review of International Business and Strategy, 27(4), 520–538. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-04-2017-0037
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., Ansar, S., & Hess, J. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1897-4
Hinings, B., Gegenhuber, T., & Greenwood, R. (2018). Digital innovation and transformation: An institutional perspective. Information and Organization, 28(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2018.02.004
Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Marinković, V., & Kalinić, Z. (2018). A SEM-neural network approach for predicting antecedents of m-commerce acceptance. International Journal of Information Management, 40, 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.01.008
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
Oliveira, T., Thomas, M., Baptista, G., & Campos, F. (2016). Mobile payment adoption: Extending UTAUT2. Information Systems Frontiers, 18, 121–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-014-9518-2
Ozili, P. K. (2018). Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18(4), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2017.12.003
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). Sage.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
Sari, A. C., & Adinugraha, H. H. (2022). Implementation of QRIS-based payments towards the digitalization of Indonesian MSMEs. Ekonomika Syariah: Journal of Economic Studies, 5(2), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.30983/es.v5i2.5027
Shaikh, A. A., & Karjaluoto, H. (2015). Mobile banking adoption: A literature review. Telematics and Informatics, 32(1), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.05.003
Sinaga, A. P., Jannah, M., Raafigustina, T. A., Sitompul, S., & Lusa, S. (2025). Efektivitas penggunaan mobile payment QRIS dalam meningkatkan penjualan UMKM di bidang kuliner (Studi UMKM Suryakencana Bogor). Jurnal Impresi Indonesia, 4(9). https://doi.org/10.58344/jii.v4i9.6913
Suri, T., & Jack, W. (2016). The long-run poverty and gender impacts of mobile money. Science, 354(6317), 1288–1292. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah5309
Utami, N. (2024). Adopsi pembayaran digital melalui QRIS dan dampaknya terhadap kinerja finansial UMKM di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Transaksi: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.25170/transaksi.v17i1.7116
van Dijk, J. (2020). The digital divide. Polity Press.
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
Vial, G. (2019). Understanding digital transformation: A review and research agenda. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003
Warner, K. S. R., & Wäger, M. (2019). Building dynamic capabilities for digital transformation. Long Range Planning, 52(3), 326–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.12.001
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah.
